Search results for "Urban structure"
showing 8 items of 8 documents
Urban segregation and unemployment: A case study of the urban area of Marseille – Aix-en-Provence (France)
2018
International audience; In this paper, we study the effects of the spatial organization of the urban area of Marseille – Aix-en-Provence on unemployment there. More specifically, differences in the characteristics of the residential population induce urban stratification with the result that urban structure may affect the probability of employment. In order to evaluate the effects of spatial structure on unemployment, we implement a spatial probit model to reveal the employment probabilities of young adults still living with their parents. Our results support the hypothesis that living in or near a deprived neighborhood decreases the probability of employment.
Sustainable mobility: “exchange poles” between transport networks and urban structure
2012
An intermodal hub can be defined as a place where transportation networks are organized to facilitate intermodality between different modes. Intermodal hubs should intrinsically have an urban dimension and be globally designed as “plug flows”, being interfaces between transport networks and territory, being an element to create “urbanity”. Intermodal hubs focus technical, social, urban, transport, service aspects and they play a multi-modal, multi-service, multioperator role. Several studies highlight the need to “measure the interdependence” among the various aspects of urban problems, avoiding too specific methodologies. The increasing congestion in urban centres and urban parking problem…
Urban morphology detection and it's linking with land surface temperature: A case study for Tehran Metropolis, Iran
2021
Abstract Expansion of urban areas and alteration of natural land cover exacerbate the local climate change. To find out the effect of land cover changes on the local climate, in this study, the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) concept was utilized to detect urban morphology in Tehran Metropolis. LCZ and Land Surface Temperature (LST) can be identified and classified based on available remote sensing products. Firstly, LCZ maps of Tehran metropolis were extracted using Landsat imagery, and secondly, relationships between LCZ and LST were explored for three years (1990, 2004, and 2018). We found that Tehran urban structure has 13 LCZs based on imagery from Landsat 5 and 14 LCZs based on images for La…
Employment Density in Ile-de-France: Evidence from Local Regressions
2009
In recent decades, cities have experienced a particularly intense phase of urban sprawl. Urban growth has been characterized by the spatial concentration of population in urban areas and the concomitant extension of those urban areas (Nechyba and Walsh 2004). Urban sprawl has also been accompanied by major reorganizations of urban areas with regard to the location choices of households and firms. More specifically, most cities in developed countries have experienced several waves of suburbanization of economic activities: “an economic definition of suburbanization is a reduction in the fraction of a metropolitan area’s population or employment that is located in the central city (correspond…
Urban landscape selection by Eurasian collared dove (<i>Streptopelia decaocto</i>) in eastern Spain
2020
The Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) is an invader species, and its distribution is continuously on the increase. Today its expansion has spread to the American continent. In this study we describe the effects of the urban environment on the Eurasian collared dove in eastern Spain. The abundance and presence of this dove were analyzed in 46 localities using counting points. Overall, 220-point counts were surveyed between autumn 2015 and late-winter 2016. A hierarchical partitioning analysis was used to identify explanatory variables of different types such as resources, climate and urban structure, and human presence, which may influence the presence and abundance of this spec…
Vitesse, accessibilité et étalement urbain ; analyse et application à l'aire urbaine dijonnaise
2003
The set of themes of the city is approached primarily by the means of the residential density. This concept is analyzed from a purely conceptual point of view, then more theoretical (thus making use of rather traditional econometric models: Clark, Newling) for finally being applied to the agglomeration dijonnaise like with its urban surface. One releases the great urban structures thus revealing an intermediate city between the model monocentric and polycentric. The two components are analyzed successively starting from the concept of residential density. Taking as assumption that the cities are dynamic, the second stage is that of urban sprawl out. A first introductory approach attempts to…
Nordic City Regions in the Creative Class Debate—Putting the Creative Class Thesis to a Test
2010
The Nordic countries have a quite different urban structure and social systems than the USA. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden may then constitute a critical test of the empirical reach of Richard Florida's much cited creative class thesis beyond its empirical basis in the USA. This paper employs comparative statistics to examine the importance of the quality of place in attracting members of the creative class to Nordic city regions, and it analyses the role of the creative class for regional economic development. Florida's original study focused only on city regions with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Our statistical analyses mainly support Florida's results with regard to these larger …
A CNN Adaptive Model to Estimate PM10 Monitoring
2006
In this work we introduce a model for studying the distribution and control of atmospheric pollution from PM10. The model is based on the use of a cellular neural network (CNN) and more precisely on the integration of the mass-balance equation; at the same time it simulates the scenario regarding a planar grid describing the whole studied area (the city of Palermo) by means of a CNN and a set of Bayesian networks. The CNN allows us to define a grid system whose dynamic evolution is a redefinition of the diffusion equation that considers contributions coming from near cells for each element of the grid. Dynamics of each cell is influenced by meteorological effects and by parameters related t…